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The Acheulian and Early Middle Paleolithic in Latium (Italy): Stability and Innovation

Identifieur interne : 001648 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001647; suivant : 001649

The Acheulian and Early Middle Paleolithic in Latium (Italy): Stability and Innovation

Auteurs : Paola Villa [États-Unis, Italie, Afrique du Sud] ; Sylvain Soriano [France] ; Rainer Grün [Australie] ; Fabrizio Marra [Italie] ; Sebastien Nomade [France] ; Alison Pereira [France, Italie] ; Giovanni Boschian [Italie] ; Luca Pollarolo [Afrique du Sud, Suisse] ; Fang Fang [Australie] ; Jean-Jacques Bahain [France]

Source :

RBID : PMC:4985512

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

We present here the results of a technological and typological analysis of the Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) together with comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido. The assemblages were never chronometrically dated before. We have now 40Ar/39Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates, within a geomorphological framework, which support correlations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. Lithic analyses are preceded by taphonomic evaluations. The Levallois method of the Middle Paleolithic assemblage is an innovation characterized by the production of thin flake blanks without cortex. In contrast, the small tool blanks of the Acheulian were either pebbles or thick flakes with some cortex. They provided a relatively easy manual prehension. The choice of Levallois thin flake blanks in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage suggest that the new technology is most likely related to the emergence of hafting. Accordingly, the oldest direct evidence of hafting technology is from the site of Campitello Quarry in Tuscany (Central Italy) where birch-bark tar, found on the proximal part of two flint flakes, is dated to the end of MIS 7. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature of the Middle Paleolithic at Torre in Pietra is the continuous presence of small tool blanks on pebbles and cores and on thick flake albeit at a much lower frequency than in the older Acheulian industries. The adoption of the new technology is thus characterized by innovation combined with a degree of stability. The persistence of these habits in spite of the introduction of an innovative technique underlies the importance of cultural transmission and conformity in the behavior of Neandertals.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160516
PubMed: 27525705
PubMed Central: 4985512


Affiliations:


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<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff013">
<addr-line>Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l’Afrique, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire Archéologie et Peuplement de l’Afrique, Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Genève</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Genève</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Genève</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fang, Fang" sort="Fang, Fang" uniqKey="Fang F" first="Fang" last="Fang">Fang Fang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff005">
<addr-line>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>2601</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff006">
<addr-line>Research Centre of Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre of Human Evolution, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>4111</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bahain, Jean Jacques" sort="Bahain, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Bahain J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Bahain">Jean-Jacques Bahain</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff009">
<addr-line>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Département de Préhistoire, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7194, 75013, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Archaeology</term>
<term>Fossils</term>
<term>Italy</term>
<term>Neanderthals</term>
<term>Technology</term>
<term>Tool Use Behavior</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Archéologie</term>
<term>Emploi d'outils</term>
<term>Fossiles</term>
<term>Italie</term>
<term>Néandertaliens</term>
<term>Technologie</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Archaeology</term>
<term>Fossils</term>
<term>Italy</term>
<term>Neanderthals</term>
<term>Technology</term>
<term>Tool Use Behavior</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Archéologie</term>
<term>Emploi d'outils</term>
<term>Fossiles</term>
<term>Italie</term>
<term>Néandertaliens</term>
<term>Technologie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>We present here the results of a technological and typological analysis of the Acheulian and early Middle Paleolithic assemblages from Torre in Pietra (Latium, Italy) together with comparisons with the Acheulian small tools of Castel di Guido. The assemblages were never chronometrically dated before. We have now
<sup>40</sup>
Ar/
<sup>39</sup>
Ar dates and ESR-U-series dates, within a geomorphological framework, which support correlations to marine isotope stages. The Acheulian (previously correlated to MIS 9) is now dated to MIS 10 while the Middle Paleolithic is dated to MIS 7. Lithic analyses are preceded by taphonomic evaluations. The Levallois method of the Middle Paleolithic assemblage is an innovation characterized by the production of thin flake blanks without cortex. In contrast, the small tool blanks of the Acheulian were either pebbles or thick flakes with some cortex. They provided a relatively easy manual prehension. The choice of Levallois thin flake blanks in the Middle Paleolithic assemblage suggest that the new technology is most likely related to the emergence of hafting. Accordingly, the oldest direct evidence of hafting technology is from the site of Campitello Quarry in Tuscany (Central Italy) where birch-bark tar, found on the proximal part of two flint flakes, is dated to the end of MIS 7. Nevertheless, a peculiar feature of the Middle Paleolithic at Torre in Pietra is the continuous presence of small tool blanks on pebbles and cores and on thick flake albeit at a much lower frequency than in the older Acheulian industries. The adoption of the new technology is thus characterized by innovation combined with a degree of stability. The persistence of these habits in spite of the introduction of an innovative technique underlies the importance of cultural transmission and conformity in the behavior of Neandertals.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
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<li>Australie</li>
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<li>Italie</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
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<li>Gauteng</li>
<li>Latium</li>
<li>Toscane</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
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<li>Gif-sur-Yvette</li>
<li>Johannesbourg</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Pise</li>
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<region name="Gauteng">
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<name sortKey="Pollarolo, Luca" sort="Pollarolo, Luca" uniqKey="Pollarolo L" first="Luca" last="Pollarolo">Luca Pollarolo</name>
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<name sortKey="Bahain, Jean Jacques" sort="Bahain, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Bahain J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Bahain">Jean-Jacques Bahain</name>
<name sortKey="Nomade, Sebastien" sort="Nomade, Sebastien" uniqKey="Nomade S" first="Sebastien" last="Nomade">Sebastien Nomade</name>
<name sortKey="Pereira, Alison" sort="Pereira, Alison" uniqKey="Pereira A" first="Alison" last="Pereira">Alison Pereira</name>
<name sortKey="Pereira, Alison" sort="Pereira, Alison" uniqKey="Pereira A" first="Alison" last="Pereira">Alison Pereira</name>
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<name sortKey="Fang, Fang" sort="Fang, Fang" uniqKey="Fang F" first="Fang" last="Fang">Fang Fang</name>
<name sortKey="Grun, Rainer" sort="Grun, Rainer" uniqKey="Grun R" first="Rainer" last="Grün">Rainer Grün</name>
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<country name="Suisse">
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<name sortKey="Pollarolo, Luca" sort="Pollarolo, Luca" uniqKey="Pollarolo L" first="Luca" last="Pollarolo">Luca Pollarolo</name>
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HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:27525705" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1 

Wicri

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